Multiple Users

Keep separate session state for each user in a multi-user environment. Every user gets their own shopping lists and sessions.

1. Create a Python file

   session_state_multiple_users.py

   """
   This example demonstrates how to maintain state for each user in a multi-user environment.
   
   The shopping list is stored in a dictionary, organized by user ID and session ID.
   
   Agno automatically creates the "current_user_id" and "current_session_id" variables in the session state.
   
   You can access these variables in your tools via `run_context.session_state`.
   """
   
   import json
   
   from agno.agent import Agent
   from agno.db.sqlite import SqliteDb
   from agno.models.openai import OpenAIResponses
   from agno.run import RunContext
   
   # In-memory database to store user shopping lists
   # Organized by user ID and session ID
   shopping_list = {}
   
   
   def add_item(run_context: RunContext, item: str) -> str:
       """Add an item to the current user's shopping list."""
   
       current_user_id = run_context.session_state["current_user_id"]
       current_session_id = run_context.session_state["current_session_id"]
       shopping_list.setdefault(current_user_id, {}).setdefault(
           current_session_id, []
       ).append(item)
   
       return f"Item {item} added to the shopping list"
   
   
   def remove_item(run_context: RunContext, item: str) -> str:
       """Remove an item from the current user's shopping list."""
   
       current_user_id = run_context.session_state["current_user_id"]
       current_session_id = run_context.session_state["current_session_id"]
   
       if (
           current_user_id not in shopping_list
           or current_session_id not in shopping_list[current_user_id]
       ):
           return f"No shopping list found for user {current_user_id} and session {current_session_id}"
   
       if item not in shopping_list[current_user_id][current_session_id]:
           return f"Item '{item}' not found in the shopping list for user {current_user_id} and session {current_session_id}"
   
       shopping_list[current_user_id][current_session_id].remove(item)
       return f"Item {item} removed from the shopping list"
   
   
   def get_shopping_list(run_context: RunContext) -> str:
       """Get the current user's shopping list."""
   
       if run_context.session_state is None:
           run_context.session_state = {}
   
       current_user_id = run_context.session_state["current_user_id"]
       current_session_id = run_context.session_state["current_session_id"]
       return f"Shopping list for user {current_user_id} and session {current_session_id}: \n{json.dumps(shopping_list[current_user_id][current_session_id], indent=2)}"
   
   
   # Create an Agent that maintains state
   agent = Agent(
       model=OpenAIResponses(id="gpt-5.2"),
       db=SqliteDb(db_file="tmp/data.db"),
       tools=[add_item, remove_item, get_shopping_list],
       # Reference the in-memory database
       instructions=[
           "Current User ID: {current_user_id}",
           "Current Session ID: {current_session_id}",
       ],
       markdown=True,
   )
   
   user_id_1 = "john_doe"
   user_id_2 = "mark_smith"
   user_id_3 = "carmen_sandiago"
   
   # Example usage
   agent.print_response(
       "Add milk, eggs, and bread to the shopping list",
       stream=True,
       user_id=user_id_1,
       session_id="user_1_session_1",
   )
   agent.print_response(
       "Add tacos to the shopping list",
       stream=True,
       user_id=user_id_2,
       session_id="user_2_session_1",
   )
   agent.print_response(
       "Add apples and grapes to the shopping list",
       stream=True,
       user_id=user_id_3,
       session_id="user_3_session_1",
   )
   agent.print_response(
       "Remove milk from the shopping list",
       stream=True,
       user_id=user_id_1,
       session_id="user_1_session_1",
   )
   agent.print_response(
       "Add minced beef to the shopping list",
       stream=True,
       user_id=user_id_2,
       session_id="user_2_session_1",
   )
   
   # What is on Mark Smith's shopping list?
   agent.print_response(
       "What is on Mark Smith's shopping list?",
       stream=True,
       user_id=user_id_2,
       session_id="user_2_session_1",
   )
   
   # New session, so new shopping list
   agent.print_response(
       "Add chicken and soup to my list.",
       stream=True,
       user_id=user_id_2,
       session_id="user_3_session_2",
   )
   
   print(f"Final shopping lists: \n{json.dumps(shopping_list, indent=2)}")
   
2. Set up your virtual environment

   Mac

   uv venv --python 3.12
   source .venv/bin/activate
   

   uv venv --python 3.12
   .venv\Scripts\activate
   
3. Install dependencies

   uv pip install -U agno openai sqlalchemy
   
4. Export your OpenAI API key

   Set OpenAI Key

   Set your OPENAI_API_KEY as an environment variable. You can get one from OpenAI.

   Mac

   export OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-***
   

   setx OPENAI_API_KEY sk-***
   
5. Run Agent

   python session_state_multiple_users.py